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department of structural & civil

Structural & civil failure analysis.

Bridges, buildings, and the connections holding them together fail for reasons that are almost never mysterious once the evidence is read correctly. We determine the cause — independently, and to a standard that holds up in court.

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What failed?

Start a conversation with our AI Research Concierge, already scoped to structural & civil. Select a specialization to prompt it, or describe your situation directly.

AI Research Conciergestructural & civil · triage, not a substitute for an expert
Tell me what failed and I'll help scope it — the likely mechanisms, what to preserve, and which expert fits. I won't give the formal analysis here.

Structural failures rarely begin at the moment they become visible. A fatigue crack grows for years inside a bridge girder before it is long enough to matter; a slab loses bearing capacity one corroded rebar at a time; a connection carries an eccentric load it was never detailed for until the margin finally runs out. The physical evidence survives even when the structure does not — fracture surfaces record how a crack propagated, debris fields record the sequence of collapse, and corrosion profiles record how long chlorides have been at work. This department covers the failure modes where load, materials, and time interact across the built environment, from a single bolted connection to a river-spanning bridge.

specialization areas

Specialization areas in this department.

Each specialization area covers a distinct structural failure mechanism with its own physics, examination protocol, and governing codes. Start with the one that matches your incident.

methodology

How this department investigates.

Structural investigations move from non-destructive documentation of the as-found condition to destructive testing only once that condition is fully recorded — the sequence protects evidence the next step depends on.

Field inspection & NDEUltrasonic, magnetic-particle, and visual inspection performed in the field to locate cracks, section loss, and defects without disturbing the structure.
Structural & load-path analysisFinite-element and code-based modeling of the as-built structure against the loads it actually carried at the time of failure.
Materials testingConcrete core, rebar, and structural-steel testing verifying actual strength and composition against the design specification.
Metallurgical & fractographic examinationSEM and metallurgical analysis of fracture surfaces distinguishing overload, fatigue, and brittle-fracture mechanisms.
Document & as-built reviewDrawings, permits, inspection records, and code compliance compared against the structure as actually built and maintained.
Site documentation & reality captureLaser scanning, photogrammetry, and drone survey preserving the as-found condition before debris or damage is disturbed.
news & insights

News & insights from this department.

Technical briefings and case analyses on structural and civil engineering failures — written by the people who investigate them.

As erected, not as designed: scaffold bracing and base support

A scaffold's capacity depends on bracing, plumbness, tie spacing and what the base plates sit on. Each is decided during erection, and each is routinely compromised in ways that look minor.

read

Shoring and reshoring: when the slab below is not ready yet

A multi-storey concrete frame under construction carries loads through slabs that have not reached full strength. Stripping too early transfers load to concrete that cannot take it.

read

Formwork under fresh concrete: pressure, rate and temperature

Fresh concrete behaves like a fluid until it stiffens, and how much pressure it exerts depends on how fast it is placed and how warm it is. Both are decided on the day, not in the design.

read

The roof that was modified: alterations and deferred maintenance

Many roof collapses involve structures that were adequate when built and were changed afterwards — equipment added, members cut for ductwork, maintenance deferred until section loss became structural.

read

Ponding instability: the load that grows as the roof deflects

Water on a flat roof deflects the structure, which creates a deeper basin, which collects more water. Where the framing is too flexible, that feedback loop does not converge.

read

Snow drift is a geometry problem, not a weather problem

Most snow-related roof collapses occur in structures where the ground snow load was unremarkable. What concentrates the load is the shape of the roof, and drift provisions are frequently misapplied.

read
all structural & civil insights
common questions

Structural failure analysis — the questions we hear.

Who is liable when a structure fails — the designer, the contractor, or the owner?

It depends on where the failure mechanism actually traces to, which is exactly what the investigation establishes. A design deficiency implicates the engineer or architect of record; a construction defect implicates the contractor or a specific subcontractor; a maintenance failure can implicate the owner or a facilities-management program. Most real cases involve more than one contributing factor, and allocating responsibility requires reconstructing the full chain from design intent through as-built condition to the maintenance and inspection record.

What should be preserved at a structural failure site before it is cleared or repaired?

Everything at and near the point of failure, not just the most visibly damaged component — fractured members, connections, foundation conditions, and any debris in its as-fallen position. Photograph and, where possible, laser-scan the site before anything is moved, secure maintenance and inspection records before they are lost or overwritten, and resist pressure to clean up or reopen the site until the failure has been documented.

Can cause still be determined after debris has been removed or the site altered?

Sometimes, but it is materially harder and the resulting opinion is correspondingly weaker. Photographs, video, witness accounts, and any components that were preserved can still support an analysis, and structural back-calculation can narrow the mechanism even without a complete physical record. The single highest-leverage step available to a client is engaging an investigator before the site is disturbed, not after.

Which codes and standards govern these investigations?

It depends on the structure and jurisdiction. Building work is generally governed by the International Building Code as locally adopted, with ASCE 7 setting load requirements. Steel work references AISC 360 and, for connections, AWS D1.1; concrete work references ACI 318. Bridges reference AASHTO LRFD and the National Bridge Inspection Standards. Temporary structures such as scaffolding and formwork are governed primarily by OSHA 1926 Subpart L and Subpart Q. Investigations typically evaluate both the physical evidence and conformance with whichever of these applied.

A structure failed. Find out why.

Describe what happened. We will scope it and connect you with the right expert — usually within one business day.

failure-analysis assistanttriage · not a substitute for an expert
Tell me what failed and I'll help scope it — the likely mechanisms, what to preserve, and which expert fits. I won't give the formal analysis here.